“读书不放一字过”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

《寄题吴斗南玩芳亭》是宋代陆游创作的一首诗词。以下是这首诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

北斗以南有吴侯，
In the south of the Big Dipper lies Wu Hou,
A man of great talent, second to none.
读书不放一字过，
He never lets a single word slip by in his studies,
But suddenly finds his temples graying in seclusion.

平生离骚读千遍，
Throughout his life, he has read "Li Sao" a thousand times,
Longing to see Qu Yuan's homeland with his own eyes.
归来落笔愈惊人，
Returning home, his writing becomes even more astonishing,
Comparable to the great poets of the Northern Song Dynasty.

玩芳亭中兰茞芳，
In the Wanhua Pavilion, the fragrance of orchids fills the air,
As he returns from court, loosening his belt in the long daylight of spring.
爱君忧国有奇作，
He loves his lord and worries for his country, producing remarkable works,
Sitting there, he allows others to witness the grandeur of the Yuan and Xiang rivers.

坐令壮观还沅湘，
Sitting there, he commands a magnificent view of the Yuan and Xiang rivers,
Just as the ancients did, pursuing the same interests.
老夫曩亦同此趣，
In my old age, I share the same interests as him,
Longing to leisurely compose verses about the beauty of flowers.
无奈生涯今已别，
However, my life has taken a different path,
And I have forgotten the passing of time, like a withered tree in a ravine.

这首诗词表达了陆游对吴斗南的赞美和景仰之情。吴斗南是一位才华出众的人物，他读书刻苦，不放过任何一个字句。然而，他在闭门思索的时候，突然发现自己的双鬓已经斑白，暗示了岁月的流逝。陆游自己也是一个热爱读书和写作的人，他渴望亲眼见到屈原的故乡，并且希望自己的作品能够与北宋时期的杰出诗人相媲美。诗中还描绘了玩芳亭中的美景和陆游对吴斗南的景仰之情，同时也表达了他对国家的忧虑和对吴斗南的爱戴之情。最后，陆游表达了自己对闲暇时光的向往，但他也意识到自己的生活已经改变，岁月如同一棵干枯的楠木，被遗忘在倒壑之中。

这首诗词通过对吴斗南的赞美和自己的感慨，展现了陆游对才华和美景的向往，同时也表达了对时光流逝和生活变迁的思考。整首诗词以自然景物和个人情感为线索，通过细腻的描写和深刻的思考，展示了陆游独特的诗意和情感。

jì tí wú dòu nán wán fāng tíng
寄题吴斗南玩芳亭

běi dǒu yǐ nán yǒu wú hóu, rén wù zhī fēi dì èr liú.
北斗以南有吴侯，人物知非第二流。
dú shū bù fàng yī zì guò, bì hù hū jīng shuāng bìn qiū.
读书不放一字过，闭户忽惊双鬓秋。
píng shēng lí sāo dú qiān biàn, qū tuó zǐ guī yào qīn jiàn.
平生离骚读千遍，屈沱秭归要亲见。
guī lái luò bǐ yù jīng rén, sòng yù jǐng chà jù běi miàn.
归来落笔愈惊人，宋玉景差俱北面。
wán fāng tíng zhōng lán chén fāng, cháo huí jiě dài chūn zhòu zhǎng.
玩芳亭中兰茞芳，朝回解带春昼长。
ài jūn yōu guó yǒu qí zuò, zuò lìng zhuàng guān hái yuán xiāng.
爱君忧国有奇作，坐令壮观还沅湘。
lǎo fū nǎng yì tóng cǐ qù, shén yù xián tí wán fāng jù wú nài shēng yá jīn yǐ bié, dào hè kū nán wàng suì yuè.
老夫曩亦同此趣，甚欲闲题玩芳句；无奈生涯今已别，倒壑枯楠忘岁月。