“不是古凉州”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

诗词《公子行二首》描述了一个豪族公子的生活和命运。作者通过描绘公子的奢华生活和优越地位以及公子所面临的困境，表达了对权贵世家的批判和思考。

诗意方面，诗中描述了这个公子的恩宠深厚，以至于他行走在街上马踏杀人，街吏都不敢追究。公子参加红楼宴会时，从几里外望着宴会场地上的云，屋顶上金缸中的火焰胜过了白天的阳光，显示出公子们的富贵和奢华。诗中还描绘了美人如月的形象，但却没有任何人能够与她相媲美。然而，公子的命运却注定了他成为万户侯，注定了他无法享受到自由的生活。

从赏析角度来看，诗人聂夷中通过这首诗抨击和批判了权贵世家的虚华和堕落。他通过描绘公子奢华的生活和命运的变故，暗示了权贵世家的腐败和不可持续。整首诗情感曲折，画面感强烈，通过对奢华和堕落的描绘，传达出对社会现实的反思和对人性的警示。

译文如下：

《公子行二首》

汉代多豪族，恩深益骄逸。
In the Han Dynasty, there were many aristocratic families, who were arrogant and indulgent due to the deep favor they received.

走马踏杀人，街吏不敢诘。
Riding horses, they trampled upon people's lives, and even the street officials dared not question them.

红楼宴青春，数里望云蔚。
They indulged in luxurious banquets, enjoying their youth, gazing at the distant clouds from miles away.

金缸焰胜昼，不畏落晖疾。
The flames in the golden jars were brighter than the daylight, showing no fear of the passing time.

美人尽如月，南威莫能匹。
The beauties were as beautiful as the moon, and no one in the south could match them.

芙蓉自天来，不向水中出。
The lotus flowers came from heaven and did not bloom in the water.

飞琼奏云和，碧箫吹凤质。
The flying jade and the azure flute played melodious music, producing sounds like phoenix's voice.

唯恨鲁阳死，无人驻白日。
Only lamenting the death of Lu Yang, as no one could stop the passage of time.

花树出墙头，花里谁家楼。
Flowers and trees bloomed outside the walls, but whose house was hiding inside the flowers?

一行书不读，身封万户侯。
Ignoring books and knowledge, they were ennobled with countless households.

美人楼上歌，不是古凉州。
The beauty on the tower was singing, but it was not the ancient Liangzhou.

整首诗揭示了世人对权贵世家的怀疑和批判。诗人以生动的语言描绘了公子们奢华的生活和高贵的地位，但同时也透露出他们的虚荣和境遇的困境。这首诗具有强烈的社会批判意义，通过对权贵世家的揭示和反思，思考了权力背后的困境和人性的弱点。

gōng zǐ xíng èr shǒu
公子行二首

hàn dài duō háo zú, ēn shēn yì jiāo yì.
汉代多豪族，恩深益骄逸。
zǒu mǎ tà shā rén, jiē lì bù gǎn jí.
走马踏杀人，街吏不敢诘。
hóng lóu yàn qīng chūn, shù lǐ wàng yún wèi.
红楼宴青春，数里望云蔚。
jīn gāng yàn shèng zhòu, bù wèi luò huī jí.
金缸焰胜昼，不畏落晖疾。
měi rén jǐn rú yuè, nán wēi mò néng pǐ.
美人尽如月，南威莫能匹。
fú róng zì tiān lái, bù xiàng shuǐ zhōng chū.
芙蓉自天来，不向水中出。
fēi qióng zòu yún hé, bì xiāo chuī fèng zhì.
飞琼奏云和，碧箫吹凤质。
wéi hèn lǔ yáng sǐ, wú rén zhù bái rì.
唯恨鲁阳死，无人驻白日。
huā shù chū qiáng tóu, huā lǐ shuí jiā lóu.
花树出墙头，花里谁家楼。
yī xíng shū bù dú, shēn fēng wàn hù hòu.
一行书不读，身封万户侯。
měi rén lóu shàng gē, bú shì gǔ liáng zhōu.
美人楼上歌，不是古凉州。